Many tattoo tourists have experienced culture shock
On the eve of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan, players and fans are advised by the organizers to cover up their tattoos during the tournament.
Many tattoo tourists have experienced culture shock when coming to the country of cherry blossoms – where tattoos are especially stigmatized. They can't even experience the things that are most popular with tourists in Japan: people with tattoos are banned from most onsen (hot springs), sento (public baths), ryokan (inns) traditional), swimming pools, gyms or even capsule hotels.
In 2013, Erana Te Haeata Brewerton, a Maori, who went to Hokkaido for a local language conference, was not allowed to enter the hot springs because of the traditional ta moko tattoo on her face. This incident sparked a controversy in Japan, prompting a senior member of the Cabinet to say that Japan needs to custom name shirt be more welcoming and respectful of international culture – especially during events of such magnitude. Rugby World Cup or Olympics.
Current Japanese stereotypes exist mainly because of the association between tattoos and criminal organizations, or the Yakuza. The land of the rising sun has two tattoo cultures – western style and yakuza. The underground rules are mainly set for the gangs to define the area of operation.
In fact, the Japanese stigmatization of tattoos dates back to the Edo period (1603-1912), when criminals were punished with tattoos. During the same period, flower girls – also known as “Yuujyo” – also tattooed themselves to show their dedication to serving loyal customers.
Tattoos gradually became illegal in the Meiji
Tattoos gradually became illegal in the Meiji period (1868-1912) and were only legalized in 1948 – when Japan was occupied. However, this law does not apply to foreigners.
Although prejudice still persists today, service businesses are starting to open up to guests with tattoos. Most of this attitude only applies to foreigners, and Japanese people with tattoos are still banned in many places.
Eli Orzessek, a New Zealand travel journalist, once resigned himself to not being able to enter an onsen bath in Japan when he had several large tattoos, including a prominent black cat on his forearm. Through online research, Eli found a capsule hotel that accepts tattoo guests called Anshin Oyada Luxury Capsule Hotel in Ogikubo, Tokyo. He breathed a sigh of relief when he saw a sign outside the hotel that read “some of our guests have tattoos, please respect our international guests”. He was even able to comfortably soak in the hotel's artificial onsen room on the baseball jersey tatkuink night of his stay, revealing all of his tattoos without seeing any scrutiny.
If you go to onsen rooms that don't allow people to get tattooed, you can completely cover up small tattoos with skin-colored waterproof stickers or ask the staff if the establishment offers urgo or something similar. This is of course difficult to apply to people who have tattoos on their arms or back.
With an increasing number of Western visitors, the Japan Tourism Organization has been trying to solve this problem since 2015, surveying about 3,800 ryokan establishments about their attitudes towards tattoo customers. The results showed that 56% of ryokan owners would refuse to accept guests with tattoos, while 31% would still accept guests normally, and 13% would allow guests with tattoos to enter if they were covered. Since then, a website called Tattoo Friendly was born to help foreign visitors find accommodation and travel services that welcome people with tattoos throughout Japan.
Skraeling is the word that the Norse (Vikings) settlers of Greenland and the Canadian Arctic gave to their direct competition during their westward wanderings from their homeland. Norse people had nothing good to say about the people they met: skraelings meant "small men" or "barbarians" in Icelandic, and in Norse historical records, people Skiers are called poor merchants , primitive people who are easily frightened. off by Viking power.
Archaeologists and historians now believe that the "skiers" were more likely members of one or more Arctic hunter-gatherer cultures that were extremely well adapted to the Arctic such as Canada, Greenland, Labrador, and Newfoundland. : Dorset, Thule and/or Point Revenge . These cultures were certainly much more successful than the Norse people of most of North America.
There is an island called Skraeling Island with Thule occupation located off the tattoo fashion clothing coast of Ellesmere Island. That site contains 23 Thule Inuit house ruins, multiple tent loops, kayak and umiak racks, and pantry, and it was occupied in the 13th century. Of course, naming the island is not. neither endorses nor disputes Thule's identity with the Skraelings.
Nordic movements of the late 9th century
Archaeological and historical evidence suggests that the Vikings settled Iceland around AD 870, settled Greenland around 985, and landed in Canada around 1000. In Canada, the Norse people are said to have landed on the island. Baffin, Labrador and Newfoundland, and all those areas occupied by the Dorset, Thule and Point Revenge cultures around that time. Unfortunately, radiocarbon dating is not precise enough to determine exactly how long the culture occupied which part of North America at which point.
Part of the problem is that all three cultures were arctic hunter-gatherers , which moved seasonally to hunt for different resources at different times of the year. They spend part of the year hunting reindeer and other land mammals, and part of the year fishing and hunting seals and other marine mammals. Each culture has its own unique artifacts, but because they occupy the same places, it is difficult to know for sure that a culture is more than simply reusing the artifacts of another culture. other chemical.
Dorset culture
The most convincing evidence is the presence of Dorset artifacts combined with Nordic artifacts. The Dorset culture lived in the Canadian Arctic and parts of Greenland between ~500 BC and 1000 AD. Dorset artefacts, most notably the flimsy Dorset oil lamp, are no doubt found at the Norse settlement of L'anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland; and several other Dorset sites that seem to contain Nordic artefacts. Park (quoted below) argues that there is evidence that L'anse aux Meadows artefacts may have been recovered by Norse people from a nearby Dorset site, and that other artefacts may have of the same origin and therefore may not necessarily represent direct contact.
Features believed to be "Nordic" around AD 1000 in North America are yarn or rope spun, human carvings depicting European facial features, and artefacts wooden work embodying Nordic style techniques. All of these are problematic. Textiles were known in the Americas in antiquity and could easily have been linked to cultures from the northern United States. The similarity of human carving and stylistic design is conjecture by definition; Furthermore, several "European-style" faces that predate the Nordic colonial period are safely documented and documented.
Thule and Point Revenge
The Thules have long been considered the likely colonists of eastern Canada and Greenland, and are known to have traded with the Vikings in the Sandhavn trading community of southwestern Greenland. But recent resettlement of the Thule migration suggests that they did not leave the vikings clothing Bering Strait until about 1200 AD and, although they rapidly spread eastward to the Canadian Arctic and Greenland, they were too late to reach L'anse aux Meadows. meeting with Leif Ericson. Thule cultural features disappeared around 1600 AD. It is still possible that the Thules were the people who shared Greenland with the Norse after 1300 or so - if such an uneasy relationship could be called "sharing".
Finally, Point Revenge is the archaeological name for the material culture of the direct ancestors of the people who lived in the area from 1000 AD to the early 16th century. Like Thule and Dorset, they were in the right place. at the right time; but safe evidence supporting cultural connections is lacking.
Key point
All sources clearly link the skiers to the ancestors of the Inuit people of North America, including Greenland and the Canadian Arctic; but whether the particular culture exposed is Dorset, Thule or Point Revenge, or all three, we may never know.
The reasons for Viking expansion outside Scandinavia are debated among scholars. Suggested reasons include demographic pressure, political pressure, and personal enrichment. The Vikings could never have begun to attack or really settle beyond Scandinavia if they had not developed highly effective boat building and maneuvering skills; The skill was proven by the 4th century AD. At the time of expansion, the Scandinavian countries experienced a concentration of power, with fierce competition.
1. Torture method " eagle wings "
This is one of the most barbaric ways of torture of the Vikings. A sharp knife will be used to cut the flesh of the victim's back. Their backs were dissected, and their ribs slashed by axes or swords. Their skins are pulled and hooked up like wings on their backs.
The more painful way is to cut open their chest and pull their lungs out to the sides like above. If the victim is still alive, their wounds will be sprinkled with salt.
2. The death of King Edmund
Ivar the Boneless was a Viking chieftain, son of Ragnar. He ruled the territories of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Soon after, he built himself a powerful army to attack England in 869.
He was a brutal leader who ordered the torture and viking house decor execution of King Edmund of East Anglia in 855. In 870, King Edmund fought back Ivar and his brother was killed in Suffolk, England. However, when the Vikings returned in many times, the king had to retreat, then was captured by the enemy.
After being beaten with a stick, King Edmund was tied to a tree and became a target for the arrows of Ivar's Viking soldiers. He was still alive despite being full of arrows, and was beheaded by Ivar and thrown into the river.
3. Newborns left to die
In Viking tradition, a baby is not considered a member of the family at birth - not even a person - until the naming ceremony takes place nine days later. During these nine days, it is up to the circumstances to decide whether the baby should be allowed to live or not.
If the child is deformed, sick, or their parents are too old and poor to sell them, they will be left to die or be seriously injured. Even if they survived their naming ceremony, the child was still at risk of dying before their 5th birthday because of the poor conditions of the time.
To us this is terrible and inhuman, but the Vikings consider it to be benevolent. Because such an unfortunate child should be returned to God.
4. Horror funeral
The Vikings believed that a careless burial would prevent the deceased from reaching the next life. Therefore, their traditional funerals are very elaborate and strange.
Some of the Viking burials included cutting off body parts and ribs, and burning them with the animals. For those who have an important role in their society, the funeral ceremony is more elaborate. The bodies of these people were placed on a small boat loaded with their possessions, and all were burned.
Even slaves or wives of the deceased have the duty to accompany their masters/husbands to the next life. For kings and chieftains, their bodies were initially buried, left there for a few days. A female slave would be selected, raped and killed, then placed on a wooden boat with the leader's body and burned in the middle of the river.
5. Snake bite
It was once believed that the Vikings, especially legendary leaders like Ragnar Lodbrok, died from a very scary execution - snakebite.
The history of this event lacks many details, but it is said that after being imprisoned by King Ella of the North, Ragnar was thrown into a very deep pit filled with ferocious venomous snakes, most of which were vipers.
This meant that there was no hope for the executed victim, as they would be caught up in the swarm of snakes, unable to move. The snakes would slither around and bite their flesh. Venom from different snakes, when absorbed into the blood, will cause the body to swell, bringing with it a painful death.
However, snake venom takes time to take effect, and it viking bedding set takes about 5-10 bites to kill a person, depending on the type of snake. If the victim does not die from a snake bite, he will also starve and lack water in the deep pit.
The only proof of this is the Scandinavian graffiti on the walls of the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, which depicts a fleet of small ships with dragon heads. The archaeological evidence is very vague.
The only ship decorated with a dragon's head has been found in Denmark. It is not completely preserved but the "dragon mane", made of iron curls, still exists.
Scandinavia is also inhabited by the Sámi - semi-nomadic peoples living in the Far North, in Norway, Sweden, Finland and parts of Russia. Norwegians call these people Finns. The two groups actively traded with each other and married people of high status.
Archaeologists have discovered many different hygiene items of the Vikings such as tweezers, combs, ear cleaners, toothpicks, etc. John of Wallingford - British chronicler said that Vikings took care of themselves. . Viking men will comb their hair daily, wash their hair every Saturday and change their clothes regularly. Viking beards are also very neat.